The Autonomy Issue: INDEX

Our contributors have worked hard to plan and research their pieces with great care and attention. All articles and photography pieces in The Autonomy Issue have been thoroughly fact-checked by the editorial team. The full list of references, primary and secondary sources (correct as of June 24, 2023) are below for you to consult and peruse at your leisure. 

Kapa Haka

Te Aho Jordan

  1. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu Taonga. “Law of the Foreshore and Seabed.” Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 2 Sept. 2016, https://teara.govt.nz/en/law-of-the-foreshore-and-seabed. 

“Woman, Life, Freedom”: How the Mahsa Amini movement revived the power of slogans in Iran

Ariana Hashtrudi 

  1. Cloud, David S. “Who Is Mahsa Amini, and Why Did Her Death Spark Protests in Iran?” The Wall Street Journal, 23 Sept. 2022, www.wsj.com/story/who-is-mahsa-amini-and-why-did-her-death-spark-protests-in-iran-d4236eb3.

  2. Perry, Tom, and Dominic Evans. “Iranian State Coroner Says Mahsa Amini Did Not Die from Blows to Body.” Reuters, 7 Oct. 2022, www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iranian-state-coroner-says-mahsa-amini-did-not-die-blows-body-2022-10-07.

  3. Iran Intl. . “ویدیو‌های رسیده به ایران اینترنشنال حاکی است اهالی سنندج برای دومین شب پیاپی با برگزاری تجمع خیابانی در اعتراض به کشته شدن مهسا امینی شعارهایی از جمله ‘‌زن، زندگی، آزادی’ سر می‌دهند Pic.Twitter.Com/Xm6wycacg1.” Twitter, 18 Sept. 2022, https://twitter.com/IranIntl/status/1571530255738847234?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1571530255738847234%7Ctwgr%5E2b6098703b7984a99ac5656426599805f96b832f%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fd-15723512813901333985.ampproject.net%2F2303231800000%2Fframe.html. 

  4. Hoog, Niels D., and Elena Morresi. “Mapping Iran’s Unrest: How Mahsa Amini’s Death Led to Nationwide Protests.” The Guardian, 31 Oct. 2022, www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2022/oct/31/mapping-irans-unrest-how-mahsa-aminis-death-led-to-nationwide-protests.

  5. Dayani, Mandana. “Women. Life. Freedom….” Instagram, 18 Oct. 2022, www.instagram.com/p/Cj3ttdgydMC/.

  6. Jolie, Angelina. “Respect to the Brave, Defiant, Fearless Women of Iran...” Instagram, 28 Sep. 2022, www.instagram.com/p/CjEFrjEJqyd/.

  7. Cherry, Myisha. “Value-Based Protest Slogans: An Argument for Reorientation” in Brandon Hogan and others (eds), The Movement for Black Lives: Philosophical Perspectives, 21 Oct. 2021, https://www.myishacherry.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/value-based-slogant.pdf.

  8. Bazafkan, Homa. “‘Women, Life, Freedom’ a New Revolutionary Era in Iran.” VIDC, (n.d) www.vidc.org/en/detail/women-life-freedom-a-new-revolutionary-era-in-iran. 

  9. Radpey, Loqman. “Jin, Jiyan, Azadî: The Appeal for Kurdish Self-Determination in Eastern Kurdistan.” Washington Kurdish Institute, 23 Jan. 2023, https://dckurd.org/2023/01/14/jin-jiyan-azadi-appeal-for-kurdish-independence/#:~:text=Anguish%20has%20been%20transformed%20into,the%20impact%20strikes%20much%20deeper.

  10. Filiu, Jean-Pierre. “‘Woman, Life, Freedom’: The Origins of Iran’s Rallying Cry.” Le Monde.Fr, 10 Oct. 2022, www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/10/10/woman-life-freedom-the-origins-of-iran-s-rallying-cry_5999763_4.html. 

  11. Askew, Joshua. “Words Have Power: The Origins of ‘Woman, Life, Freedom.’” Euronews, 1 Feb. 2023, www.euronews.com/2023/01/11/words-have-power-what-are-the-origins-of-woman-life-freedom-iran-protest-chants.  

  12. Bjerkrheim, Elise. “#FreeToomaj #ManLifeFreedom” Twitter. 29 Nov. 2022, https://twitter.com/EBjerkrheim/status/1597708095253544960.

  13. Van de Velde, Cécile. “The power of slogans: using protest writings in social movement research” Social Movement Studies. 06 Jun. 2022, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14742837.2022.2084065.

  14. Manato News, “Don't be afraid, don't be afraid, we're all in this together….” Twitter. 15 Nov. 2019, https://twitter.com/ManotoNews/status/1195429333998813185.

  1. Berg, Nioh, “ Protestors in #Iran are chanting “We are all Mahsa”...”Twitter. 19 Sep. 2022, https://twitter.com/NiohBerg/status/1571924305797324800.

  2. Kenyon, Peter. “Six months after the death of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini, Iranians are still protesting” NPR. 2 Apr. 2023, https://www.npr.org/2023/04/02/1167645484/six-months-after-the-death-of-22-year-old-mahsa-amini-iranians-are-still-protest. 

A quick history of the vibrator 

Oluwaseun Famoofo

  1. Lieberman, Hallie. “(Almost) Everything You Know About the Invention of the Vibrator Is Wrong”. The New York Times. 23 Jan. 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/23/opinion/vibrator-invention-myth.html?action=click&module=Opinion&pgtype=Homepage.

  2. Lieberman, Hallie and Schatzberg, Eric. “A Failure of Academic Quality Control: The Technology of Orgasm” Journal of Positive Sexuality. 2 Aug. 2018, https://journalofpositivesexuality.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Failure-of-Academic-Quality-Control-Technology-of-Orgasm-Lieberman-Schatzberg.pdf.

  3. Artz, Jaxx. “ 7 Shockingly Sexist Laws Targeting Women That Still Exist Around the World”. Global Citizen. 9 Aug. 2021, https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/sexist-laws-women-and-girls/.

  4. Fogarty, Lisa. “ Here's What Sex Toys Have Looked Like Throughout History”. Redbook. 21 Apr. 2017, https://www.redbookmag.com/love-sex/sex/g4297/sex-toys-history/.

  5. Boxer, Sarah. “Batteries Not Included” The New York Times. 21 Mar. 1999, https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/99/03/21/reviews/990321.21boxert.html?_r=2.

  6. Aitkenhead, Decca. “The buzz: how the vibrator came to be “ The Guardian. 7 Sep. 2012, https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2012/sep/07/how-the-vibrator-caused-buzz.

  7. Hay, Mark. “ Porn from the 1920s Was More Wild and Hardcore Than You Could Imagine” Vice. 5 Apr. 2018, https://www.vice.com/en/article/59k785/porn-from-the-1920s-was-more-wild-and-hardcore-than-you-could-imagine.

  8. Dawson, Amie. “ Sex toys: A Brief History” The Toy. Apr 2023, https://thetoy.org/sex-toys-a-brief-history/.

  9. Bodysex https://www.dodsonandross.com/.

  10. Hseih, Carina. “A Brief History of the Magic Wand” Cosmopolitan. 15 Dec. 2017, https://www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/a14105499/hitachi-magic-wand-history/.

  11. Weaver, Matthew. “ She began the real sexual revolution for women’: Shere Hite dies aged 77'' The Guardian. 10 Sep. 2020, https://amp.theguardian.com/books/2020/sep/10/she-began-the-real-sexual-revolution-for-women-shere-hite-dies-aged-77.

  12. Bell, Jen. “A short history of the vibrator” Clue. 5 Dec. 2021, https://helloclue.com/articles/culture/a-short-history-of-the-vibrator.

  13. Texas Western Court. “Joint Status Report” Scribd. 13 Nov. 2008, https://www.scribd.com/document/322594597/2008-11-13-Texas-Western-Court-Order-Obscenity-Law.

  14. Burton, Natasha and Hseih, Carina. “A Brief History of the Rabbit''. Cosmopolitan. 30 Jun. 2020, https://www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/advice/a4805/history-of-the-rabbit/.

  15. Thomas, Helen M. “ The Next Generation of Sustainable Sex Toys Will Screw You, Not the Planet” Vice. 18 Aug. 2022, https://www.vice.com/en/article/7kvjzy/reviewing-sustainable-sex-toys.

  16. Naked Grapefruit. https://nakedgrapefruit.com/about-us/.

  17. The P Conversation. https://thepconversation.org/.

  18. Gonzalez, Irina and Suzannah Weiss. “Porn for Women: 21 Feminist Porn Sites You’ll Really, Really Enjoy” Glamour. 6 Jul. 2022, https://www.glamour.com/story/5-porn-sites-for-women-that-youll-really-really-enjoy.

  19. Iovine, Anna. “Inside Quinn, a new site for audio erotica” Mashable. 22 Nov. 2019, https://mashable.com/article/quinn-audio-erotica-porn. 

Fighting for the Right 2 Dream

Rohan Montgomery 

  1. Right 2 Dream Too. http://right2dreamtoo.blogspot.com/.

  2. Slayton, Nicholas. “Time to Retire the Word ‘Homeless’ and Opt for ‘Houseless’ or ‘Unhoused’ Instead?” Architectural Digest. 21 May. 2021, https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/homeless-unhoused.

  3. Right 2 Survive. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/right2surviveofficial/?hl=en-gb.

  4. Nathanson, Rebecca. “Life can be different: 10 years ago, Occupy Wall Street changed the world”. The Guardian. 15 Sep. 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/15/occupy-wall-street-10-year-anniversary-lessons.

  5. Jock, Kaitlin. “ You are not welcome here: Anti-homeless architecture crops up nationwide”. Street Roots. 7 Jun. 2019, https://www.streetroots.org/news/2019/06/07/you-are-not-welcome-here-anti-homeless-architecture-crops-nationwide.

  6. Street Roots. https://www.streetroots.org/.

  7. “Substance Abuse and Homelessness”. National Coalition for the Homeless. Jul. 2019, http://www.nationalhomeless.org/factsheets/addiction.pdf.

  8. “State of Homelessness: 2023 Edition”. National Alliance to End Homelessness. (n.d) https://endhomelessness.org/homelessness-in-america/homelessness-statistics/state-of-homelessness/.

  9. Fraieli, Andrew. “The Nuances of Mental Illness and Homelessness”. The Homeless Voice. 11 Aug. 2021, https://homelessvoice.org/the-nuances-of-mental-illness-and-homelessness/.

  10. Kanu, Hassan. “New York plan for forced 'removal' of mentally ill tests limits of the law”. Reuters. 8 Dec. 2022, https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/new-york-plan-forced-removal-mentally-ill-tests-limits-law-2022-12-08/.

  11. Kavanugh, Shane D.  “Portland pumps brakes on pursuing downtown property near Morrison Bridge for mass outdoor homeless shelter”. Oregon Live. 19 Apr. 2023,  https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2023/04/portland-pumps-brakes-on-pursuing-downtown-property-near-morrison-bridge-for-mass-outdoor-homeless-shelter.html.

  12. “Ordinace 191247”. City of Portland. 19 Apr. 2023, https://www.portland.gov/council/documents/ordinance/passed/191247.

  13. “How You Can Help” Right 2 Dream Too. https://right2dreamtoo.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_6353.html.

Things We Love

Stuart Tibaweswa

  1. “Anti-Homosexuality Bill, 2023.” Wikipedia, 29 May. 2023, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Homosexuality_Bill,_2023.

  2. Annor, Ignatius. “Will Uganda's Anti-Gay Bill Resonate Across Africa?”. VOA News. 23 March. 2023, https://www.voanews.com/a/will-uganda-s-anti-gay-bill-resonate-across-africa-/7018365.html.

Shattered Heart

Marta Gómez Hervás

Shattered Heart began as a digital drawing symbolising the first moments after breaking free from social conventions. The two main elements of the piece – the human figure and the broken heart-shaped vessel – represent the grief and complex feelings we experience when we face monumental change.

The human figure is drawn without any recognisable features besides a stoic glare. The anonymity of the character is an invitation to reflect on the social expectations that limit you. The broken heart was shattered by trying to contain the tension between accepting social norms and expressing your most authentic self. From this shattered vessel emerges a small snake and a group of butterflies fluttering away. While the butterflies represent the excitement of liberation, the snake symbolises the negativity of the past.

This illustration portrays the difficult and complicated emotions we feel when we make the decision to sever ties with harmful social conventions that limit us. This could be quitting a “decent” job that is making you miserable, embracing your sexuality within a heteronormative society, or deciding to reject dangerous beauty standards and stop treating bodies as fashion trends. While we may know that these ideas can be damaging, to break free from them can often result in social ostracisation.

Although embarking on this journey may result in moments of fear, grief or solitude, embracing who we are is worth the challenge. Socially constructed ideas of who we must be should not inhibit our authenticity.  

Worker or victim? Looking into sex work in the Philippines

Elizabeth Ruth Deyro 

  1. “Leading source countries of foreign tourist arrivals in the Philippines between February to December 2022”. Statista. Mar. 2023, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1097216/philippines-tourist-arrivals-by-country-of-residence/.

  2. Simons, Margaret. “ 'Do you ever think about me?': the children sex tourists leave behind”. The Guardian. 2 Mar. 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/mar/02/children-sex-tourists-leave-behind-fathers-visited-philippines.

  3. “ REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9710. Magna Carta of Women: Implementing Rules and Regulations”. Philippine Commission on Women. Apr. 2010, https://cws.up.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/RA-9710-Magna-Carta-of-Women.pdf.

  4. Hofmann, Cecilia T. and Santos, Aida F. Prostitution and the Bases: A Continuing Saga of Exploitation. Catwap. May. 1998, https://catwap.wordpress.com/resources/speeches-papers/prostitution-and-the-bases-a-continuing-saga-of-exploitation/.

  5. “Facts on Abortion in the Philippines: Criminalization and a General Ban on Abortion” Center for Reproductive Rights. (n.d) https://reproductiverights.org/sites/crr.civicactions.net/files/documents/pub_fac_philippines_1%2010.pdf.

Who has the right to write? Resisting invisibility and finding my voice through immigrant authors

Sophorntavy Vorng

  1. Flood, Alison. “ #Publishingpaidme: authors share advances to expose racial disparities’. The Guardian. 8 Jun. 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/jun/08/publishingpaidme-authors-share-advances-to-expose-racial-disparities. 

  2. Martínez Figueroa, Adriana M. and Romero, Shelly. “ ‘The Unbearable Whiteness of Publishing' Revisited” Publishers Weekly. 29 Jan. 2021, https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/publisher-news/article/85450-the-unbearable-whiteness-of-publishing-revisited.html.

  3. Ledbetter, James. “ The Unbearable Whiteness of Publishing, Pt. 1”. Village Voice. 25 Jul. 1995, https://www.villagevoice.com/2020/06/10/the-unbearable-whiteness-of-publishing-pt-1/.

  4. Jean So, Richard and Wezerek, Gus. “Just How White Is The Book Industry”. The New York Times. 11 Dec. 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/12/11/opinion/culture/diversity-publishing-industry.html.

  5. Saha, Anamik and Van Lente, Sandra. “ Rethinking ‘Diversity’ in Publishing”. Goldsmiths Press.  01 May. 2020, https://www.gold.ac.uk/goldsmiths-press/publications/rethinking-diversity-in-publishing-/.

  6. Rosaz Shariyf, Clarisse and Tager, James. “ Reading Between the Lines: Race, Equity, and Book Publishing” Pen America. 17 Oct. 2022, https://pen.org/report/race-equity-and-book-publishing/.

  7. Pung, Alice. “Unpolished Gem” Black Inc Books. 31 Aug. 2006, https://www.blackincbooks.com.au/books/unpolished-gem.

  8. Vuong, Ocean. “On Earth We're Briefly Gorgeous”. Penguin Random House. 4 June. 2019, https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/600633/on-earth-were-briefly-gorgeous-by-ocean-vuong/.

  9. Veasna, So. “Afterparties”. HarperCollins. 7 Jun. 2022, https://www.harpercollins.com/products/afterparties-anthony-veasna-so?variant=39696421224482.

  10. “Our People”. Penguin Random House. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/about-us/our-people/.

  11. Kaur, Harmeet. “ How a tiny Chinatown bookstore became a hub for authentic Asian American stories”. CNN Travel. 7 Aug. 2022, https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/05/us/yu-and-me-books-asian-american-representation-cec/index.html.

  12. “Grow Your Story Programme” Hachette UK. https://www.hachette.co.uk/landing-page/thrive-grow-your-story-2022/.

  13. “WriteNow” Penguin. https://www.penguin.co.uk/company/social-impact/writenow.

  14. King, Michelle P. “How To Disrupt The Publishing Industry And Do Better”. Forbes. 24 Nov. 2021, https://www.forbes.com/sites/michelleking/2021/11/24/how-to-disrupt-the-publishing-industry-and-do-better/?sh=6ce78bfebc63.

Let us dance: why dance floors matter to the queer community

Vic Saule

  1. “Canal Street: The history of Manchester's iconic 'gay village'” BBC Bitesize. (n.d) https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/zygbf82#:~:text=It%20was%20built%20in%201865,spotted%20by%20anyone%20walking%20past.

  1. Kelleher, Patrick and Wakefield Lily. “The terrible, brutal history of Tory prime minister Margaret Thatcher’s homophobic Section 28” The Pink News. 18 Nov. 2022, https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/11/18/what-was-section-28-law-lgbt/.

  2. “What exactly is Section 28?” LGBT Foundation. (n.d) https://lgbt.foundation/lgbtq-history-month/what-was-section-28.

  3. Godfrey, Chris. “Section 28 protesters 30 years on: ‘We were arrested and put in a cell up by Big Ben’”. The Guardian. 27 Mar. 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/27/section-28-protesters-30-years-on-we-were-arrested-and-put-in-a-cell-up-by-big-ben.

  4. Ridge, Damien. “ It’s a Sin: How the media fuelled the homophobic response to the HIV crisis” News 24. 18 Mar. 2021. https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/tv/its-a-sin-how-the-media-fuelled-the-homophobic-response-to-the-hiv-crisis-20210318.

  5. Haynes, Suyin. “How the New British Drama It’s a Sin Is Telling the History of the 1980s AIDS Crisis—and Sparking Change in the Present” Time. 15 Feb. 2021, https://time.com/5939522/its-a-sin-history-hiv-transphobia/.

  6. Bailoni, Mark. “The effects of Thatcherism in the urban North of England”. Metropolitics. 2 Apr. 2014, https://metropolitics.org/The-effects-of-Thatcherism-in-the.html.

  7. Rogers, Simon. “15 ways that Britain changed under Margaret Thatcher”. The Guardian. 8 Apr. 2013,  https://www.theguardian.com/politics/datablog/2013/apr/08/britain-changed-margaret-thatcher-charts.

  8. Pettinger, Tejvan. “UK Economy in the 1980s”. Economics Help. 4 Aug. 2017, https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/630/economics/economy-in-1980s/.

  9. Chen, Laurie. “ Photos of the forgotten teenagers of Thatcher's Britain”. Dazed Digital. 12 Jan. 2017. https://www.dazeddigital.com/photography/article/34246/1/tish-murtha-s-photos-of-the-forgotten-teenagers-of-thatcher-s-britain.

  10. Kane, Ashleigh. “ Inside Manchester’s legendary acid house club The Haçienda” . Dazed Digital. 20 July. 2021, https://www.dazeddigital.com/art-photography/article/36814/1/peter-walsh-inside-manchesters-legendary-acid-house-club-the-haienda.

  11. Briley, Pete. “ Acid House Music Guide: A Brief History Of Acid House”. Music Gateway. 15 Sep. 2021, https://www.musicgateway.com/blog/music-industry/music-business/acid-house#:~:text=Acid%20House%20is%20known%20for,lend%20the%20music%20it's%20funkiness.

  12. Ingle. Rhiannon. The Acid Rave Revolution vs. Thatcher. The Manchester Historian. 18 May. 2020, https://manchesterhistorian.com/2020/the-acid-rave-revolution-vs-thatcher-by-rhiannon-ingle/.

  13. McGinley, Tara. Anti-Acid House Propaganda From British Tabloids, Late 80s. Dangerous Minds. (n.d) https://dangerousminds.net/comments/anti-acid_house_propaganda_from_british_tabloids_late_80s.

  14. Dreisenstock, Jenna. The Forgotten LGBT & Racial Roots of Clubbing Culture. The Playground. 17 July. 2018, https://theplayground.co.uk/the-forgotten-lgbt-racial-roots-of-clubbing-culture/.

  15. Connolly, Stephen. “How the spirit of rave culture lives on in Manchester”. Redbull. 28 Feb. 2020, https://www.redbull.com/gb-en/manchester-acid-house-rave-culture.

  16. “HomoElectric, Manchester's queer clubbing sensation” Historypin. 3 Feb. 2000, https://www.historypin.org/en/explore/geo/37.77493,-122.419416,12/bounds/37.707056,-122.485677,37.842741,-122.353155/paging/1/pin/999896.

  17. Mancuso, Jessica R. “The Politics of Lesbian Visibility in Manchester's Queer Spaces”. The University of Manchester. 2020,  https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/213190484/FULL_TEXT.PDF.

  18. Cons, Paul. “Gaychester': Remembering Manchester's early 1990s gay scene”. The Guardian. 7 Feb. 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/uk/the-northerner/2013/feb/07/manchester-gay-scene-paul-cons.

  19. “Fleshback: Queer Raving in Manchester's Twilight Zone Chapter 1-3 “ Boiler Room. 14 Jun. 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUzAjPNcHek.

  20. Rymajdo, Kamila. “Inside Flesh: the Haçienda’s legendary gay clubnight” ID. 10 Dec. 2019, https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/9keek5/flesh-hacienda-photographs-jon-shard-interview.

  21. Safe Only UK. https://www.safeonly.co.uk/.

  22. Iftikhar, Asyia. This fascinating new LGBTQ+ podcast explores the forgotten history of British queer nightlife. The Pink News. Feb. 2022, https://www.thepinknews.com/2023/02/22/memories-from-the-dance-floor-damian-kerlin-interview/.

  23. Hunte, Ben. “LGBTQ Venues Accused of Extreme Racism in UK’s ‘Gay Capital of the North’ “. Vice. 25 Aug. 2022, https://www.vice.com/en/article/z343zj/manchester-lgbtq-racism.

  24. Bird, Charlie. Fighting for The Cause: How property development is affecting London’s nightlife” . The Ransom Note. (n.d). https://www.theransomnote.com/art-culture/featured/fighting-for-the-cause-how-property-development-is-crippling-londons-nightlife/.

  25. Murray, Jessica. “ One UK nightclub closing every two days over soaring costs, industry says” The Guardian. 3 Nov. 2022, https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/nov/03/one-uk-nightclub-closing-every-two-days-over-soaring-costs-night-time-industries-association-warn.

Third places: unlocking the potential of community

Hana Urban 

  1. Oldenburg, Ray. “Every Community Deserves a Third Place”. The New York Times. 13 Apr. 2014, https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2014/04/13/the-pros-and-cons-of-gentrification/every-community-deserves-a-third-place.

  2. Lee, Andrew. “The Jim Crow Roots of Loitering Laws”. The Ard. 31 May. 2022, https://the-ard.com/2022/05/31/the-jim-crow-roots-of-loitering-laws/.

  3. Marshall, Aarian. “A Guide to Legal Loitering”. Bloomberg. 23 Sep. 2014, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-09-23/a-guide-to-legal-loitering.

  4. “What is social isolation” No Isolation. (n.d). https://www.noisolation.com/research/what-is-social-isolation.

  5. “Q + A with Ray Oldenburg”. Steelcase. (n.d) https://www.steelcase.com/research/articles/topics/design-q-a/q-ray-oldenburg/.

  6. “2022 Hot Desk Price Index”.  CoWorking Insights.  (n.d) https://coworkinginsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/2022-Hot-Desk-Price-Index-1.pdf.

  7. PO Box Collective. https://poboxcollective.us/.

  8. Red Emmas. https://redemmas.org/.

  9. 56a Infoshop. https://56a.org.uk/.